关键词: 生物多样性保护优先区域, 人类干扰指数, 监测与评估

Abstract:

Biological diversity is the material basis for the survival and development of human being. Most of the species in China distribute in the priority areas of biodiversity conservation. How to protect ecosystems and biodiversity is an issue that needs to be solved for achieving sustainable development. Based on the land use and land cover data of 2010-2015, we analyzed the intensity and variation of the disturbance caused by human activities in thirty-two biodiversity conservation priority areas. The results showed that: (1) The human disturbance intensity in the biodiversity conservation priority areas was majorly at the slight and mild level in 2015. Fifteen biodiversity conservation priority areas were at the slight level, which covered 84.10% of the total area. Thirteen biodiversity conservation priority areas were at the mild level, which covered 6.65% of the total area. Regions of North China Plain and Loess Plateau and Middle-East China hilly and plain region were at the highest level of human disturbance. The mountains and canyons in the southwest, the desertification region of the Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were at the very low level of human disturbance. (2) Human disturbance indices of the most regions basically did not change from 2010 to 2015, which covered 84.54% of the total area. The area where human disturbance index increased was equal to that where human disturbance index decrease. Overall, the change of biodiversity conservation priority area was not obvious. The human disturbance index of the hilly area in South China and mountain and plains in the northeast experienced the highest growth and increased over 1%. The human disturbance index of North China Plain and Loess Plateau suffered the sharpest drop and decreased by 0.15%. (3) These regions with higher levels and larger variations of human disturbance degrees were mainly affected by the ecosystem disturbance caused by economic development and the intensive land use due to the increase of the demand for cultivated land, residential land and industry and mining land. Some ecological projects including Grain for Green project were favorable for reducing the ecosystem disturbance caused by human activities. Overall, human disturbance indices of thirty-two biodiversity conservation priority areas of China were very low and varied within a small range. Furthermore, regions with high human disturbance indices have comparatively concentrated distribution. These indicated that the implementation of the national ecological protection policies and measures played a good role in improving biodiversity protection.

Key words: priority area of biodiversity conservation, human disturbance index, monitoring and assessment