关键词: 无人机组网, 生态监测, 灾害监测, 安全监控, 冗余容错

Abstract:

Small to medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly been used in various real time static and dynamic missions, which make them very useful tool to assist men. There are several factors which make these UAVs suitable for monitoring and survey in a wide range of conditions. Despite of all these capabilities, certain factors remain the biggest challenge for extensive use of UAVs at individual level in different real-time missions. Moreover, once prompt response to any of these constraints during the mission execution is missed, can affect the mission’s overall results, leading to partial or complete failure of the whole mission. For such purpose introduction of redundant fault-tolerance into the system is very important in order to minimize the probability of failures and increase its robustness because it is practically impossible to build a perfect system. The fundamental problem is that, as the complexity of a system increases, its reliability drastically decreases unless compensatory measures are taken. The aim of redundant fault tolerance is to introduce redundancy by adding one or more modules as back-up usually in parallel configuration. To improve the robustness and success rate of UAV network systems for aerial remote sensing missions under extreme conditions, this paper introduced the redundancy-based fault-tolerance control technology into UAVs networking designs, and determined the best networking solutions with different restrictions. The devised networking design includes multi-UAV network with active cooperation through simultaneous monitoring during remote sensing missions such as "large-scale ecological monitoring," "medium-scale flood disaster monitoring," and "fine-scale security surveillance" under different observation conditions. The multi-UAV network serve as redundant fault-tolerant architecture where system could be fault tolerant through adding more than one UAVs as back-up. Scenarios set for the redundant fault-tolerance are UAVs position and viewing angle during different extreme conditions. The UAV(s) in network scheme is considered faulty when its position and viewing angle exceeds the set threshold and would be separated and not considered for further analysis. Only in this way, we can get effective output of the networking control solutions under extreme conditions to ensure that missions can be carried out smoothly.

Key words: UAV networking, ecological monitoring, disaster monitoring, security surveillance, redundancy-based fault-tolerance