关键词: 土遗址, 时空变化, 环境, 影响因素, 空间信息技术

Abstract:

There are a large number of earthen sites that have important historical and cultural values in Turpan region, Xinjiang. It is very meaningful to study the spatial-temporal change of earthen sites and their environment. Aiming at the exploration of earthen sites conservation, using methods of archaeology and field investigation, remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), and global positioning system (GPS) techniques, we analyzed the spatial-temporal change of earthen sites and their internal-external environment. The results showed that the persistence of the earthen sites has a close relationship with the regional environment, that the regional environment has an influence on the persistence of earthen sites. The earthen sites and their internal environment had changed greatly from the 1960s to 2010. We found that the main driving forces of earthen sites and their internal environment change were diseases and human destructions. The main forms of diseases in earthen sites are fracture and collapse, wind erosion, water erosion, alkali disease, surface peeling, and biological erosion. Among the above factors, fracture, collapse and wind erosion are the dominant forms. From 1990 to 2010, great changes in the external environment of earthen sites had taken place in the study area. The cultivated land and residential land had increased significantly, while the grassland and unused land had decreased obviously. The changes in the external environment were especially obvious around Jiaohe and Gaochang ruins, while the intensity of human activities around these earthen sites had increased. The changes in surface environment types of earthen sites in different regions were different. The changes in environment types of earthen sites that located in the interior of oasis were more intense than those located at the edge of oasis; earthen sites that located in the interior of oasis are more vulnerable to the impacts of human activities. The development of cultivated land and residential land were the main driving forces of the external environment change of earthen sites, thus it is necessary to limit human activities for the purpose of earthen sites conservation.

Key words: earthen sites, spatial-temporal change, environment, effect factors, spatial information technology