关键词: 视域分析, 视觉敏感度, 空间分析, 模糊层次分析法, 景观视觉, 景观视觉评价, 泰山风景区

Abstract:

Landscape visual resource assessment is important to effectively and reasonably evaluate the value of landscape visual sources.Previous studies on landscape visual resource assessment mainly focus on subjective evaluation and scores by experts or tourists, while few studies areon quantitative evaluation of landscape visual resources. To help close the gap, this study proposed a comprehensive evaluation method of landscape visual resources based on GIS and FAHP ( Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) to objectively reveal the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of landscape visual resources from holistic and single-factor perspectives. Specifically, the study integrated basic visual elements and landscape visual sensitivity elements (e.g., sight, viewshed, relative distance sensitivity, relative slope sensitivity, environment contrast) to design an evaluation indicator system from the perspective of comprehensive quantitative evaluation of landscape vision. Then, adopting GIS spatial econometrics analysis and FAHP, the study calculated the comprehensive visual index to objectively reveal the distribution characteristics of landscape visual resources and their influencing factors from the holistic perspective and the single factor perspective. Taking Mount Tai as the research area, the test results show that: (1)from the single factor perspective, Yuhuangding, Tianzhufeng, and Bixiaci have the highest scores in terms of viewshed, relative slope sensitivity, and relative distance sensitivity; and(2) from the holistic perspective, Yu Huang Ding has the highest visual index (0.819) and Tao Hua Yu has the lowest one (0.180). In addition, the value of visual index is also affected by altitude, distribution of spots, and routes, etc. Compared to some traditional evaluation models that relies on tourists or experts' subjective opinion, this study proposed a new perspective of objective quantitative assessment to evaluate the landscape visual resources by combining a comprehensive evaluation index system and a evaluation model. Verification results indicate that this study builds a new research idea and a research method for quantitative description and assessment of landscape visual resources, showing better reliability and advancement. Our findings also provide objective references and decision supports for the comprehensive development planning of scenic spot development and protection. Meanwhile, in this study, landscape visual resources were mainly discussed from the perspective of GIS, while the real assessment effects of landscape vision were often affected by many complex factors. Therefore, how to establish a more synthetical and quantitativeassessment system to measure and evaluate landscape visual resources is one of the most important next stepsto be done in the future.

Key words: viewshed analysis, visual sensitivity, spatial analysis, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process（FAHP）, landscape visual source, landscape visual assessment, Taishan Scenic Area