关键词: 村镇, 应急公共设施, 选址, 合理性评价, 神农架松柏镇

Abstract:

Emergency facilities play an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation. However, most of the relevant studies and practices usually focus on urban areas. Villages and towns in China are vast in territory and complex in environment. Because of the low level of economic development in the past and out-dated emergency facilities developed by traditional layout methods in China, these places become vulnerable to disaster . In this case, quantitative study on the layout evaluation and optimization of emergency facilities in villages is necessary. With the view of “the demand points distribution - identifying facilities alternative sites based on the suitability evaluation for emergency facilities - model construction and application-rationality evaluation of site selection schemes and planning proposals”, this paper concentrates on the construction of emergency facilities and attempts to establish a relatively reasonable method for emergency facilities layout in villages. The main contents of the article are as follows: (1) establishing suitability evaluation index system for emergency facilities from geographical conditions, traffic conditions, population distribution, and hazard sources distribution. In particular, safety issues are considered to avoid the constructions in areas with high incidence of geological disasters, floods, and other disasters; (2) building location model which consists of set cover model and maximum coverage model to analyze emergency facilities that only need to undertake emergency service and building location model which consists of set cover model and P-median model to analyze emergency facilities that need to undertake both emergency service and public service; and (3) taking response coverage and cross-response rate as the efficiency evaluation indicators, while the maximum response time and average response time from demand point to their nearest facilities are used as the fairness evaluation indicators. Both indicators are used to evaluate multi-schemes generated by the location models. In this paper, Songbai Town of Shennongjia in Hubei province is taken as the research area, fire stations and emergency medical centers are used as two typical types of emergency facilities for this research. The results show that: (1) the suitability evaluation index system can comprehensively reflect various factors synthetically; and (2) the model calculation results are superior to the original schemes in terms of efficiency and fairness indicator. However, the more optimized layout schemes need to be determined together with population distribution, local situation, and cost factors. Thus, the proposed method has good feasibility and reliability.

Key words: villages and towns, emergency facilities, location selection, rationality evaluation, Songbai Town of Shennongjia