关键词: 互联网信息, 信息抽取, 自然语言处理, 海洋环境灾害链, 灾害过程建模, 本体, 台风灾害链, 时空变化分析

Abstract:

Global climate change has increased the impact and destructive power of marine environmental disasters. Real-time disaster information acquisition and analysis have become a key process in disaster emergency response. Compared with traditional earth observation network with delay effect, the crowdsourcing geographic information based on the Internet has been widely valued in disaster situation assessment and emergency response for its real-time nature. Marine environmental disasters include not only one single disaster but also a series of secondary and derived disasters caused by a single disaster. The latter are the extension and expansion of a disaster across the space and time dimensions, which continue to affect human activities. The analysis of a single disaster is difficult to fully explain the temporal and spatial evolution of a disaster to further explore its scope and degree of impact. In order to obtain information on marine environmental disasters implied in the Internet texts and explore the impact of disasters on human activities, this article builds a marine environmental disaster chain ontology based on collected marine environmental disaster-related knowledge and using five-tuples (concepts, relationships, properties, rules, and instances) to represent the logical structure of the ontology, which integrates the marine environmental disaster ontology describing the marine environmental disaster knowledge system, the geographical object ontology affected by the marine environmental disasters, and the corresponding human emergency ontology generated from the spatiotemporal processes of a disaster's occurrence, development, and end together. This article not only analyzes the concept of marine environmental disasters from the perspective of geographical events but also focuses on the characteristics of temporal and spatial processes of the development of marine environmental disasters. Many factors involved in the development of disasters from the perspective of the disaster chain are also analyzed. Thus, our paper breaks through the limitation of using a single disaster to represent the entire disaster process in traditional analysis and comprehensively analyzes the disaster process-related information. Finally, this article takes typhoon disaster as an example based on the typhoon disaster chain to illustrate the disaster information extraction from the Internet texts and analyze the spatiotemporal changes of typhoon disaster, so as to provide effective support for disaster prevention and emergency response.

Key words: internet information, information extraction, natural language processing, marine environmental disaster chain, disaster process modeling, ontology, Typhoon disaster, analysis of spatiotemporal changes