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摘要： AgileDARN雷达系统是一种基于全数字相控阵技术的灵敏型地基相干高频雷达系统，实现对中高纬度电离层的探测。雷达系统的幅度和相位不一致将会导致雷达发射波束和接收波束的波束指向偏移，副瓣电平抬高和天线增益下降，最终影响雷达的探测精度。针对AgileDARN雷达系统幅度和相位不一致性展开研究，提出了一种基于FPGA和C++软硬件相结合的内定标方法。在发射探测信号之前，分别发送接收定标信号和发射定标信号，通过雷达系统的各个接收和发射通道后，计算各个通道之间的幅度和相位差异，用补偿因子来实现对雷达多通道幅度和相位不一致性的校正。实测数据表明:校正后各通道间幅度误差小于0.2 dB，相位误差小于1°。在满足系统一致性要求的前提下，既保证了实时性，又节省了雷达系统成本。 关键词： AgileDARN;  SuperDARN;  内定标;  幅相一致性;  相控阵     Abstract: The AgileDARN radar is an agile ground-based coherent high-frequency radar based on the all-digital phased array technology, enabling the detection of mid-high latitude ionosphere. The amplitude and phase imbalance among channels may lead to the beam pointing error, the elevation of the side lobe level and the decrease of the antenna gain, and ultimately affect the radar detection accuracy. Aiming at the imbalance in the AgileDARN radar, a real-time internal calibration method based on FPGA and C++ was proposed. Before observing ionosphere, receiver calibration and transmitter calibration are done first. During the calibration, the same calibration signal is sent to all transceivers. Then the variance of the outputs illustrates the imbalance among the transceivers and can be used to implement calibration. The measured data shows that the amplitude imbalance among channels after calibration is less than 0.2 dB, and the phase imbalance is less than 1°.On the premise of meeting the system consistency requirements, the method not only ensures real-time amplitude and phase calibration, but also saves radar system costs.

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