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摘要： 为了提高星载雷达高度计海面风速产品的精度并更好地修正海况偏差的影响,有必要对高度计测量的后向散射系数进行定标。分布目标是星载雷达散射系数定标的有效手段,而沙漠的散射特性特别适于高度计的散射系数定标。检验了Jason-2卫星高度计的沙漠回波波形,在澳大利亚辛普森沙漠和我国的塔克拉玛干沙漠选取了适当的区域,收集了在这些区域长达7 a的Jason-2高度计数据。基于这些数据,研究了Jason-2卫星雷达高度计在沙漠上的散射系数特性,并提出了基于沙漠的散射系数定标方法,分析了其原理、可行性和试验方案,探讨了高度计和现场定标散射计足迹匹配等关键技术,并对其定标误差进行了分析,论证了沙漠定标场可实现优于0.5 dB的定标精度。该方法有助于进一步提升海洋2号(HY-2A)卫星风速和海况偏差产品的质量和应用前景。 关键词： 高度计;  散射系数;  沙漠;  定标     Abstract: To improve the precision of the satellite altimeter wind speed and sea state bias products,it is necessary to calibrate the backscatter coefficient measured by the radar altimeter.Distributed targets are good candidates in satellite backscatter calibration,and deserts which have constant backscatter characteristic are pretty suitable for the calibration of nadir-looking radar altimeters.In this paper the echo waveforms of Jason-2 altimeter from desert regions were checked and proper areas in the Simpson Desert,Australia and Takla Makan Desert,Xinjiang,China were chosen.Jason-2 altimeter data of seven years were collected in these areas.Afterwards,the characteristic of the altimeter backscatter coefficient over desert surface were investigated based on the data prepared,and a method of backscatter coefficient calibration based on the desert areas was proposed.The principle,feasibility and experiment plan were described,the key technologies such as the matching of the altimeter and calibrating scatterometer footprint were discussed,and the calibration errors were analyzed.It was shown that a 0.5 dB calibration precision specification could be achieved.The method proposed in this paper would significantly contribute in the HY-2A mission by improving the qualities of wind speed and sea state bias products.

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