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摘要： 不同于常规星载SAR,L波段地球同步轨道圆迹SAR(GEOCSAR)轨道高度高、合成孔径时间长、观测面积大,对流层折射率和电离层电子含量的时空变化将严重影响GEOCSAR重轨干涉性能。基于大气介质时空变化及GEOCSAR干涉信号的特点,从对流层和电离层相位延迟误差、电离层水平变化引起的图像方位向偏移、对流层折射率周日变化和电离层时空随机起伏引起的方位向聚焦性能下降、以及法拉第旋转效应几个方面分析了对流层和电离层对GEOCSAR重轨干涉相干系数、干涉相位的影响,并进行了仿真实验验证。分析以及实验结果表明,对流层和电离层均会对GEOCSAR干涉性能造成不可忽略的影响,其中电离层的周日时间变化和电离层起伏会导致图像散焦,进而严重降低干涉相干性。 关键词： 地球同步轨道圆迹SAR(GEOCSAR);  对流层;  电离层;  干涉性能     Abstract: Unlike the conventional spaceborne SAR,the integration time of L\|band geosynchronous circular SAR (GEOCSAR) can be as long as 24 hours,the orbit altitude is about 36 000 km and the coverage may reach 1/3 of the Earth’s surface,the spatial and temporal variation of the trospheric refractivity and the ionospheric electron content may impose significant effects on repeat pass interferometric performance of GEOCSAR.Based on the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the atmospheric medium,and the interferometic signal model,we analyze the effects of the trosphere and ionosphere on GEOCSAR interferometric performance.The effects from four aspects are mainly discussed including the phase delay caused by the troposphere and the ionosphere,the image shift on XY plane caused by the ionospheric horizontal gradient,focusing performance degradation caused by the diurnal variation of the trosphere and the ionospheric turbulence,and the Faraday rotation effect.The analysis and the simulation results show that the troposphere and ionosphere both impose very important influence on the GEOCSAR interferometric processing,the temporal variation of the ionospheric electron content during the synthetic aperture and the ionospheric turbulence may cause image defocused and then severely reduce the interferometric coherence.

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