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摘要： 针对传统地基辐射定标方法效费比低、单次定标不确定性大，难以满足卫星载荷高频次、高精度辐射定标等问题，发展了一种面向常态化运行需求的光学载荷地基自动辐射定标方法，并基于内蒙古包头附近的科技部“国家高分辨遥感综合定标场”（下简称“包头场”）对Landsat-8/OLI相应通道进行了自动辐射定标试验及交叉验证分析，分析结果表明：2016~2017年过境包头场的11次Landsat-8/OLI自动辐射定标结果一致性较好；对于Landsat-8/OLI的蓝、绿、红、近红外4个波段表观反射率，地基自动定标结果与星上结果之间的平均相对偏差分别为0.83%、-0.21%、-0.20%、-1.37%，标准差则分别为2.78%、2.89%、2.94%、2.20%。进一步地，还对地基自动辐射定标过程中各项误差来源进行了量化分析，其在Landsat-8/OLI蓝、绿、红、近红外4个波段的不确定度分别为5.06%、4.65%、4.80%、4.98%。由此可见所发展的地基自动辐射定标方法除了可以很大程度上提升陆地卫星外场定标的频次，定标结果亦具有较好的稳定性与可靠性，对于陆地卫星光学载荷辐射性能的动态监测及数据质量保证具有重要意义。 关键词： 自动辐射定标;  包头定标场;  不确定度估计;  Landsat-8/OLI     Abstract: Due to the low cost-effectiveness and large uncertainty of single calibration for traditional ground-based radiometric calibration methods，it is difficult to meet the requirement ofhigh-precision radiometric calibration of satellite payloads.Aroutinely-operated ground-based automatic radiometric calibration method was developed and applied on radiometric calibration and cross validation analysis of Landsat-8/OLI opticalsensor based on the “National Calibration and Validation Site for High Resolution Remote Sensors” (hereinafter referred to as the “Baotou Site”) in Baotou.The comparison of 11 observation results (from May 2016 to April 2017) between on-board calibration and ground-based calibrationare in good agreement：for the four bands of blue，green，red and near infrared，the average relative deviation between ground-based calibration and on-board calibration was 0.83%，-0.21%，-0.20%，and -1.37%，respectively，while the standard deviation was 2.78%，2.89%，2.94%，and 2.20%，respectively.Further，quantitative analyses on the sources of errors in the process of ground-based automatic radiometric calibration was conducted.The results showed that the final uncertainties of ground-based automatic radiometric calibration in the four bands of blue，green，red，and near infrared were 5.06%，4.65%，4.80%，and 4.98%，respectively.Good consistency between ground-based calibration and on-board calibration proved the reliability of this method，which can dramatically promote the frequency and timeliness of satellite radiometric calibration.

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