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摘要： 蒙古国自20世纪90年代政体改革以来，城镇化发展迅速，认识其区域发展特征与城镇化特点对于我国“一带一路”倡议实施及“中蒙俄经济走廊”建设具有重要意义。基于遥感影像，采用面向对象的分类方法，获取了蒙古国乌兰巴托市1990、2001、2010、2017年土地覆盖数据集，总体分类精度分别为86.00%、89.00%、91.6%、94.80%。利用转移矩阵对其土地覆盖变化信息进行了挖掘，结果表明：草地—林地、草地—建筑用地、林地—草地之间的转移占绝对优势。建筑用地增幅最大，扩张趋势显著，面积从99.87 km2增加到了216.16 km2，增幅达到了216.44%，扩张速率8.01 km2/a，属于快速扩展模式。扩张方向以中北部、东北部和西部为主。其中，中北部主要是“summer house”度假房屋建设为主，东北部以传统的家—户—院的房屋为主（蒙古包与低层建筑混搭），西部以工业用地与居民用地为主。乌兰巴托市城镇用地扩张是外部社会经济发展和国家制度政策共同作用发生的，其中，土地私有化、市场经济化与人口数量是城镇用地扩张最主要的驱动因素。 关键词： 土地覆盖变化;  建筑用地扩张;  面向对象;  灰色关联分析;  乌兰巴托     Abstract: Since the reform of the regime in the 1990s，Mongolian urban experienced a rapid development.Understanding the characteristics of urbanization and development in Mongolia is much of significance to China’s implementation of the “Belt and Road” strategy and “China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor”.This study was based on theLandsat TM/OLI remote sensing image，using object-oriented classification method，and obtained 1990，2001，2010，2017 land cover data set，the overall classification accuracy were 86%，89%，91.6%，94.80% respectively，Kappa coefficient were 0.83，0.869，0，898，0，935.based on the transfer matrix，the information of land cover change from 1990 to 2017 in Ulaanbaatar was mined，the results showed that：① the areas of built area，barren，and water showed an increasing trend，and the built area was increased most.On the contrary，the area of forest，cropland，and grassland showed a tendency to decrease，and the forest area decreased most.② the transfer between grassland and forest，grassland and built area，forest and grassland played a major role in land cover change of Ulaanbaatar.The change area from 1990 to 2001，2001 to 2010 and 2010 to 2017 accounted for nearly 71%，74%，and 79% of the total change area.③ the expansion trend of built area was significant，the area has increased from 99.87 km2to 216.16 km2，the growth rate has reached 216%，the expansion rate was 8.01 km2/a，which belonged to the rapid expansion mode.The middle-north with the type of summer house，northeast with the types of traditional houses based on the structure of home-household-yard，mixture of Mongolian yurts and low buildings，west with the types of industrial land and residential land.The urbanization in Ulaanbaatar caused by the interaction of external social economic development and national policies，among of which，land privatization and market economic were the main policy driving forces of urbanization

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