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摘要： 城市地表覆盖组分是影响人居生存环境和城市生态系统服务的关键因素。基于Google Earth Engine平台，利用Landsat 5/8遥感影像数据，采用改进的“植被—不透水面—土壤”模型及线性光谱混合分解方法，提取地处干旱区的中国西部大城市乌鲁木齐市与邻国哈萨克斯坦首都城市努尔–苏丹市、大城市阿拉木图市的地表覆盖信息，对比分析1990~2015年3个城市地表覆盖的变化特征。结果表明：1990~2015年间乌鲁木齐市城市建成区扩张面积最大，扩张了349.81 km2；其次为努尔-苏丹市，城市扩张面积为158.16 km2；由于哈萨克斯坦首都由阿拉木图市迁往努尔-苏丹市，整个时段阿拉木图市城市扩张最慢，总计扩张了126.23 km2。在城市建成区内，1990年到2015年间乌鲁木齐市城市地表不透水组分增加了7.10%，努尔—苏丹市和阿拉木图市分别减少了14.9%、4.49%。建成区内绿地组分努尔—苏丹市从1990年到2015年增加了6.68%；乌鲁木齐市和阿拉木图市分别减少了6.65%和2.75%。城市所表现出来的不同地表覆盖特征乌鲁木齐市主要受国家政策支持，阿拉木图市由于其历史背景和城市规划，努尔—苏丹市城市的快速发展则受哈萨克斯坦迁都的影响。 关键词： 不透水面;  绿地;  土地利用/覆盖;  干旱区;  Google Earth Engine     Abstract: Urban land cover composition is the key factor affecting the living environment and urban ecosystem service. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform, Landsat 5/8 remote sensing image data were used to adopt the improved "Vegetation-Impervious Surface-Soil" model and linear spectral mixed decomposition method. The variation characteristics of land cover in Nur-Sudan, Almaty, Urumqi cities from 1990 to 2015 were compared and analyzed. The results show that the urban built-up area of Urumqi city expanded the largest area of the three cities from1990 to 2015, with an expansion of 349.81 km2, followed by Nur-Sultan, with a city expansion area of 158.16 km2. As the capital of Kazakhstan was relocated from Almaty to Nur-Sultan, the city of Almaty expanded the slowest during the entire period, with a total expansion of 126.23 km2. In the urban built-up area, the urban surface in Urumqi increased by 7.10% from 1990 to 2015, and the Nur-Sultan and Almaty decreased by 14.9% and 4.49%，respectively. The green space component of the built-up area, Nur-Sultan increased by 6.68% from 1990 to 2015, while Urumqi and Almaty decreased by 6.65% and 2.75%，respectively. The different surface cover patterns of cities are different for different reasons. Urumqi is mainly supported by national policies, and Almaty is known for its historical background and urban planning, while the rapid development of Nur-Sudan was affected by the relocation of Kazakhstan.

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