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摘要： 针对目前常用的遥感影像分类方法在复杂下垫面识别中出现的分类精度不高、“椒盐”现象明显等问题，以北京生态涵养区为例，基于Rapid Eye数据开展不同土地利用分类方法研究，并提出优化的分类方法。构建的土地利用分类体系涵盖耕地、水体、建筑区、乔木林、灌木林、矿石堆以及砂石坑。采用面向对象分析技术将研究区分割为3.71万个图斑，分别利用决策树分类法和最邻近分类法提取土地利用类型，结果显示：决策树分类法的总体精度为75%，Kappa系数为0.69，其对水体、耕地、建筑区等光谱特性差异明显的区域具有较高解译精度；最邻近分类法对光谱特征差异不明显的灌木、乔木区域具有较好的分类效果，总体精度为71%，Kappa系数为0.71。基于上述两种方法提出耦合分类法，经检验该方法总体精度可达90%，Kappa系数达0.9，在生态涵养区土地利用分类中具有较好的适用性。利用耦合分类法对2010~2018年土地利用变化情况进行分析，发生较大变化的耕地、建筑区、矿石堆及砂石坑区域均逐渐向林地演变。结果表明：自北京生态涵养区建立以来林地资源保护已初显成效，生态破坏带正逐渐被修复。生态涵养区的建立强化了生态保护和绿色发展向导，对促进京津冀协同可持续发展具有重要意义。 关键词： 土地利用;  Rapid Eye;  面向对象分析;  决策树分类法;  最邻近分类法     Abstract: To overcome the low classification accuracy problems in complex land use regions， a case study is carried out to develop a new classification method based on two traditional classification methods and Rapid Eye remote sensing imagines in the eastern part of ecological conservation region in Beijing City. Firstly， the land use classification system is developed and these land such as cultivated land， water body， build-ups， forest， shrub， mine lot and quarry are included. Secondly， the imagines are segmented into 37 100 polygons using object-oriented technology according to different spectral features， structural features and morphological features. Thirdly， the land use types are identified using Decision Tree method and the Nearest Neighbor method. The overall accuracy values are 75% and 71% for the Decision Tree method and the Nearest Neighbor method， respectively. The Kappa coefficient values are 0.69 and 0.71 for the Decision Tree method and the Nearest Neighbor method， respectively. The results show that the Decision Tree method is with higher accuracy in the regions with distinct spectral characteristics such as water body， vegetation and cultivated land， while the Nearest Neighbor method is with higher accuracy in the regions with similar spectral characteristics such as shrubs and forests. Fourthly， a new optimized combination classification method is proposed based on these two methods with the overall accuracy of 90% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.9. Finally， the land use changes are analyzed in ecological conservation area in Beijing from 2010 to 2018 based on the new method. The results show that the ecological damage zone has being repaired and the areas for mine lot and quarry have being declined. These results could provide technical support to explore the evolution process and the disruption characteristics in the ecological conservation region.

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